| Command | Comment |
|---|---|
| /usr/bin/ftptop | Display information about ProFTPd |
| adduser <username> | create user with additional information incl. homedir |
| passwd <username> | Change password |
| su <user> | set user |
| sudo -u www-data command | Execute command as user www-data |
| useradd -d <homedir> <username> | create user with home dir |
| userdel <username> | delete user |
| whoami | Output current user |
| Command | Comment |
|---|---|
| chgrp <user> <datei/ordner> | Change group |
| chown <user> <datei/ordner> | Change owner |
| cp -r newdir/* olddir/ | Copy files recursively |
| 'cp' -rf dir/{*,.??*} /dir/ | hidden files and aliased cp -i will be copied |
| du -hs <dir> | specify directory size |
| du -h * | sort -hr > /home/user/filelist.txt | File list sorted by size |
| echo bla > 1.txt | Create file 1.txt with content bla |
| echo blabla » 1.txt | Append blabla to file 1.txt |
| ls | List directory contents |
| ls -la dir | List directory contents with user information |
| ls -lahS $(find / -type f -size +100000k) | search for files > 100MB |
| pwd | Output working directory |
| tar xfz u-web-my4.tgz | extract file |
| whereis | Output binary directory |
| Command | Comment |
|---|---|
| apt-cache search <pack> | search for a package |
| apt-get install <pack> | install pack |
| apt-get update | update package cache |
| apt-get upgrade | upgrade installed packages |
| Command | Comment |
|---|---|
| cat /proc/cpuinfo | cpuinfo |
| cat /proc/meminfo | RAM Info |
| cat /proc/version | Deb Version |
| crontab -e | Edit cronjobs |
| crontab -l | Listen to cronjobs |
| date +%s | Output Unix time |
| date -d @1234631164 | Output Unix time in normal time |
| df -h | free disc space |
| dpkg-reconfigure locales -plow | Language settings |
| dpkg-reconfigure tzdata | Time zone settings |
| kill -6 <PID> 1) | SIGABRT - Cancel process |
| kill -9 <PID> | SIGKILL - Terminate process |
| kill -15 <PID> | SIGTERM - terminate process cleanly |
| kill -18 <PID> | SIGCONT - Continue process |
| kill -19 <PID> | SIGSTOP - Stop process |
| mount -o remount -rw / | release read-only file system |
| ps | process list |
| ps -aux | detailed process list |
| Command | Comment |
|---|---|
| ifconfig | Display IP address and netmask |
| netstat -pantu | Connections/Ports |
| nload -u H | Display bandwidth |
| sh blubb.sh | sh file executen |
| wget http://www.psoft.net/shiv/HS/u-web-my4.tgz | gets file |
| Command | Comment |
|---|---|
| shutdown -s | Shut down or switch off |
| shutdown -r | Restart (reboot) |
| shutdown -l | User logout |
| shutdown -s -f | Forced shutdown |
Set the time under Linux. 2)
timedatectl
Set time zone manually
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Berlin
Select time zone
sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
a2enmod modname
or activate it with
a2dismod modname
deaktivieren. The web server must then be restarted with
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
nötig.